Analytical study for the Opening Chapter (Surat Al-Fatihah) Its names, purposes, virtues, and characteristics

Prepared by the researche : Dr. Gharnasa Hadia, Department of English Language, Faculty of Education, University of Azzaytuna, Libya.

Democratic Arabic Center

Journal of cultural linguistic and artistic studies : Thirty-third Issue – September 2024

A Periodical International Journal published by the “Democratic Arab Center” Germany – Berlin

:To download the pdf version of the research papers, please visit the following link

Abstract

This study deals with Surat Al-Fatihah, also known as “The Opening,” is the inaugural chapter of the Qur’an and holds immense importance in Islamic worship and daily life. This chapter consists of seven verses and serves as a comprehensive prayer, praising and seeking guidance from Allah, the Merciful and Compassionate. The title encapsulates the essence of the chapter, which serves as a spiritual opening for the reader or reciter, initiating their connection with the divine. Its virtues and special characteristics are emphasized in Islamic teachings, and it is considered a source of divine guidance and a foundation for the believer’s relationship with Allah. The recitation of Surat Al-Fatihah is an integral part of the Muslim prayer ritual, symbolizing the opening of the heart and soul to the guidance and mercy of Allah. The chapter’s names and purposes highlight its role as a fundamental and essential component of Islamic worship and devotion. Surat Al-Fatihah was selected due to its distinctive and captivating linguistic style. Furthermore, the opening chapter of the Qur’an initiates the prayer, and it is emphasized that it constitutes a fundamental element essential for the validity of the prayer. Without it, the prayer is considered incomplete. This study employs an analytical descriptive methodology. The results of this study indicate that, Surat Al-Fatihah encapsulates fundamental principles of faith, gratitude, guidance, and dependence on Allah. It serves as a concise and powerful prayer recited in daily prayers (Salah) by Muslims worldwide, underscoring its centrality in Islamic worship and spirituality.

1. Introduction

The first chapter of the Quran, Al-Fatihah, sometimes referred to as Al-Fatihah or The Opening, is very significant to a Muslim’s spiritual life. It is regarded as a cornerstone of the Islamic religion and is repeated in each segment of the Muslim prayers. The purpose of Al-Fatihah is meant to be both an introduction and a prayer asking Allah for direction. Because it introduces the Quran and establishes the overall tone for the entire text, this Surah is frequently referred to as “The Opening”. Seven verses in Al-Fatihah acknowledge and magnify Allah, praising his greatness, benevolence, and strength.      In addition, Al-Fatihah teaches significant concepts of Islam, including monotheism, total submission to Allah, and the pursuit of the will of Allah. Furthermore, Al-Fatihah is recited at numerous Islamic events and activities with the intention of seeking blessings from Allah. The Surah Al-Fatihah possesses multiple virtues and distinctive characteristics. It is widely regarded as a remedy for both bodily and spiritual afflictions, a method of finding absolution and direction, and a wellspring of benefits. Muslim individuals frequently recite Al-Fatihah as a means of tawassul, which involves requesting the intercession and blessings of Allah by reciting this Surah. (Rohmana & Zuldin, 2019). In addition, Al-Fatihah is regarded as an essential component of the Salah, as it is said in each unit and functions as a prompt for the fundamental tenets of Islam. The purpose of Al-Fatihah is not alone to be committed to memory, but also to be comprehended, contemplated, and assimilated. Reciting Al-Fatihah promotes tranquilly and serenity, hence enhancing one’s mental well-being and overall state of mind. It is crucial for Muslims to not only commit Al-Fatihah to memory, but also comprehend its significance and reflect upon its teachings. Al-Fatihah possesses substantial educational merit as well. This text explores the significant insights on education, specifically focusing on its approaches to incentives and penalties that can be implemented in the process of learning. Al-Fatihah serves as a fundamental pillar of Islamic pedagogy, underscoring the significance of actively pursuing knowledge and implementing it in one’s daily existence. The virtues and significance of Al-Fatihah are acknowledged by numerous Quranic exegetes, who emphasize its importance in prayer and its position as a crucial element of the legal prerequisites for prayer. Surat Al-Fatihah holds a crucial role in Islamic rites, particularly in the required prayers, and is recited often by Muslims throughout the day. Hence, the Surah Al-Fatihah carries immense importance within the Islamic faith. The recital of the Quran establishes the overall atmosphere and acts as a prompt to recall the fundamental values of Islam.

 Research questions

Q1- What are the different names attributed to Surat Al-Fatihah, and how do these names reflect the themes and messages conveyed in the chapter?

Q2- What are the primary purposes and themes of Surat Al-Fatihah, and how do these themes contribute to the overall message of the Quran?

Q3- What are the key virtues and special characteristics attributed to the Surat Al-Fatihah?

Objectives of the study

1- Explore the various names and titles given to Surat Al-Fatihah and understand their meanings.

2- Examine the purpose and significance of this chapter as mentioned in Islamic teachings.

3- Investigate the virtues and special characteristics attributed to the recitation and contemplation of Surat Al-Fatihah.

Significance of the study

• Surat Al-Fatihah is an essential element of the Islamic prayer, and the prayer is deemed deficient without its recital.
• The recital of the verse is an essential component of the daily routine prayers (Salah) and is repeated numerous times during each prayer session.
• The Surah commences with praising Allah, the Supreme Being of all realms, recognizing His benevolence and dominion.
• It encompasses a supplication for guidance on the righteous path, beseeching Allah’s aid in keeping to the virtuous course.
• Surat Al-Fatihah is commonly known as the “quintessence of the Quran” and is thought to effectively embody the fundamental principles of Islam.
• It is regarded as a fount of blessings and is said to possess various virtues, encompassing spiritual and healing characteristics.
• The reading of Surat Al-Fatihah in congregational prayers serves to underscore the sense of oneness among Muslims, since it is expressed by the Imam and subsequently echoed by the congregation.
• Studying the meanings and interpretations (Tafsir) of Surat Al-Fatihah enriches one’s comprehension of the fundamental principles of Islam and strengthens the spiritual connection.
• Comprehending the substance and importance of Surat Al-Fatihah can aid in interfaith conversation by enabling people to grasp the fundamental principles of Islam.

In summary, the study of Surat Al-Fatihah is not only integral to Islamic worship but also provides a foundational understanding of key Islamic concepts and serves as a guide for personal development and spiritual growth.

2. Literature review

2.1. The reason and the place for the revelation of Surat Al-Fatihah

The specific cause for the revelation of Surah Al-Fatihah, the initial chapter of the Quran, is not expressly documented in historical records or traditional sources to the same extent as certain other verses or chapters. The Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) did not offer explicit details concerning the particular circumstances that precipitated the revelation of Surah Al-Fatihah. Nevertheless, it is crucial to acknowledge that Surah Al-Fatihah possesses a distinctive and momentous position in

Islamic devotion and everyday existence. The recitation of this phrase is an integral part of each unit of the Muslim prayer (Salah) and is seen as crucial for seeking guidance and expressing admiration and appreciation to Allah. The Surah is commonly known as “The Opening” or “The Opening Chapter” and holds a fundamental position in Islamic teachings. Although the exact facts about the cause of the revelation may be unknown, the overall importance of Surah Al-Fatihah resides in its function as a comprehensive prayer, a source of wisdom, and a way to demonstrate one’s reliance on Allah. Muslims routinely say it during their prayers, underscoring its significance in their spiritual devotion. Mansour & Allah (2023) noted that Surah Al-Fatihah, the initial chapter of the Quran, had been revealed in Makkah. Makkah, located in contemporary Saudi Arabia, is revered as a holy city in the Islamic faith. The Quran was gradually revealed to Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) over a period of 23 years. Throughout this era, different chapters (surahs) were disclosed to him in various locations. Surah Al-Fatihah is a Meccan surah, which signifies that it was revealed in Makkah prior to the Hijrah (migration) of the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) to

2.2. Verse count of Surat Al-Fatihah                            

Surah Al-Fatiha is a concise chapter comprising of seven verses. The recitation of this phrase is an integral part of the Muslim prayer (Salah) and carries immense importance in Islamic worship and everyday life. Sukarno, Adilia & Setiarini, (2020).

2.3. Names of “Surat Al-Fatihah” and ways to name it                                                    

A “Surah,” often written “Sura,” is a term employed in Islamic literature to refer to a section of the Quran, the sacred scripture of Islam. The term “Surah” is an Arabic term that can be understood as either “chapter” or “section.” The Quran is organized into chapters, with each chapter further broken into verses referred to as “Ayahs.” The term “Surah” is only used to refer to the chapters of the Quran, and each Surah has a unique name. The chapters display heterogeneous lengths and encompass a wide range of subjects, including guidance on matters related to faith, morality, law, and personal behavior. The Quran is considered by Muslims to be the exact and direct message from God (Allah) that was revealed to the Prophet Muhammad over a period of approximately 23 years. Each Surah exhibits distinctive characteristics in terms of style, subject matter, and interpretations. The Quran has a central and essential part in Islamic beliefs and rituals, as Muslims recite its verses during prayers and seek guidance from its teachings to navigate all aspects of their lives.  The recitation of “Surat Al-Fatihah” holds immense importance in Islamic devotion and is reiterated during daily prayers (Salah). The phrase “Al-Fatihah” can be interpreted as “The Opening” or “The Opener.” Surat Al-Fatihah is known by different designations that highlight its significance and attributes. (Mansour & Allah,2023; Qutbuddin, 2009) compiled a list of these names:

• Al-Hamd: This name highlights the chapter’s expression of gratitude towards Allah.
• Umm al-Kitab: This name, meaning “Mother of the Book,” underlines its significance as a fundamental and indispensable chapter.
• The name “Sab’al-Mathani” refers to the seven verses that comprise a specific chapter, known as “The Seven Oft-Repeated Verses.”
• Al-Shifa: Meaning “The Healing” or “The Cure,” emphasizing its spiritual and therapeutic importance.
• Al-Kafiya: Signifying “The Sufficient” or “The Fulfilling,” highlighting its comprehensive and satisfactory nature.
• The name “Al-Asas” translates to “The Foundation” or “The Basis,” highlighting its crucial position in Islamic
• Al-Wafiya: Signifying “The Complete” or “The Perfect,” emphasizing the chapter’s all-encompassing character.

The names and titles mentioned represent the various facets and importance of Surat Al-Fatihah in the Islamic religion.

2.4. Purposes of “Surat Al-Fatihah”

Othman et al. (2023) & Mughal (2011) provided explanations for the purpose of Surat Al-Fatihah from different perspectives:

• Al-Fatihah is said in every unit of the Islamic prayer (Salah), serving as the opening prayer. The recitation of this prayer is crucial and occurs at the beginning of every rak’ah. This demonstrates its vital function in establishing communication and fostering a bond with Allah.
• Al-Fatihah commences by praising and acknowledging Allah’s characteristics, including His supreme mercy, compassion, authority over the Day of Judgement, and exclusive worthiness of worship. It functions as a reminder of the magnificence and qualities of Allah.
• Requesting guidance, the chapter contains a prayer for direction on the righteous way. People of faith ask Allah to direct them on the path towards righteous conduct and deliverance. This illustrates the essential requirement for divine guidance in manoeuvring through the difficulties of life.
• Manifestation of reliance on Allah through the recitation of Al-Fatihah, Muslims demonstrate their reliance on Allah for guidance, mercy, and assistance. It emphasizes the notion that humans depend on the benevolence and direction of their Creator.
• Unity and communal prayer, Al-Fatihah is chanted collectively during congregational prayers, highlighting the cohesion of the Muslim community (Ummah) in their worship. Reciting the same phrases in prayer cultivates a sense of unity among believers.
• The quranic recitation begins with Al-Fatihah, which acts as the initial chapter of the Quran, representing the commencement of the recitation of the holy book. It establishes the reader’s emotional and spiritual state and creates a relationship between the reader and the divine message.
• Spiritual concentration and focus, through the recitation of Al-Fatihah during prayers, Muslims direct their thoughts towards the divine and seek to establish a connection with Allah. It functions as a method to achieve a state of attention and focus during worship.
• Al-Fatihah is seen as a spiritually purifying practice in the context of Spiritual Cleansing and Purification. It presents believers with a chance to seek absolution, purify their hearts, and enhance their bond with Allah.

Overall, Surat Al-Fatihah has various functions in the life of a Muslim, including facilitating daily prayers, seeking guidance, demonstrating humility and reliance on Allah, and promoting a sense of solidarity within the Islamic community.

2.5. Authentic hadiths about the virtues of “Surat Al-Fatihah                                        

Virtues are qualities or characteristics that are seen as morally excellent, desirable, and commendable. These characteristics frequently influence individuals in their behavior and interactions with others, demonstrating a notable level of moral superiority. Virtues are commonly linked to positive qualities and behaviors, serving as the basis for ethical precepts in various philosophical and religious traditions. The word “virtue” derives from Latin etymologically. The term originates from the Latin word “virtus,” which signifies qualities such as masculinity, bravery, or exceptional merit. Over time, the semantic scope of the term expanded to embrace a wider array of ethical attributes and characteristics that contribute to virtuous character. Various cultural and philosophical contexts may prioritise different virtues, but some universal examples include honesty, integrity, compassion, courage, humility, justice, and wisdom. Virtues frequently act as guiding precepts for persons aspiring to live a morally upright and purposeful existence. Amiruddin, (2021). Surah Al-Fatihah is praised in various hadiths, which are the recorded sayings and actions of Prophet Muhammad, peace be upon him. It is crucial to acknowledge that the credibility of hadiths varies. Outlined below are several renowned hadiths that highlight the merits of Surah Al-Fatihah, as documented by Amiruddin (2021); Aslihah & Wasehudin (2023); Ansari, Adji, & Raidah (2022).

• Hadith narrated by Abu Huraira (may Allah be pleased with him), the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) said that when the Imam says ‘Ameen’ during prayer, it is recommended for the followers to likewise say ‘Ameen’, as the angels also say ‘Ameen’ at that moment. Therefore, anyone whose statement coincides with that of the angels will have all of their previous sins forgiven. (Sahih al-Bukhari).
• Hadith from Abu Sa’id al-Mu’alla (may Allah be pleased with him): The Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) said if there was anyone present who did not recite the Opening of the Book (Al-Fatihah) during their prayer. Upon receiving no response from the individuals, he said, “Then do not say, ‘Ameen.’ But when any one of you recites it and the angels in the heavens say ‘Ameen,’ and the former coincides with the latter, all his past sins are forgiven.” (Sahih Muslim).
• Hadith described by Abu Huraira (may Allah be pleased with him), the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) conveyed that Allah, the Exalted and Glorious, has separated prayer into two parts: one for Himself and one for His servant. The servant will receive what they have asked for in their prayer. When the servant utters the phrase, “Praise be to Allah, the Lord of all worlds,” Allah, who is revered and magnificent, acknowledges, “My servant has expressed admiration towards me.” (Sahih Muslim).
• Hadith reported by Abu Huraira (may Allah be pleased with him), the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) said that if someone performs a prayer without reciting the Opening of the Book (Al-Fatihah), their prayer will be considered incomplete. (Sahih al-Bukhari).

It is essential to approach hadiths with caution. The ones mentioned above are from well-recognized hadith collections like Sahih al-Bukhari and Sahih Muslim.

2.6. Surah Al-Fatihah is the best and the greatest surah in the Qur’an

“Surat Al-Fatihah” holds great significance and is widely regarded as one of the most crucial chapters (surah) in the Quran among Muslims. The first chapter of the Quran, known as Al-Fatiha, is read in every unit of the Muslim prayer (Salah). The significance of Surat Al-Fatihah resides in its all-encompassing nature, as it combines expressions of adoration and recognition of the immense might of Allah, as well as the act of seeking guidance and protection from being led astray. The supplication is seen as comprehensive and serves as a prayer for guidance, therefore making it an indispensable component of Muslims’ daily devotion. Although there may be differing viewpoints regarding the “the best” chapter of the Quran, Surat Al-Fatihah is unquestionably held in high esteem and considered significant in Islamic practice and theology. (Ali, et al 2018).

2.7. The mother of the Qur’an is the seven repeated verses and the great Qur’an

The term “Mother of the Qur’an” designates a particular set of verses called “Umm al-Kitab” in Arabic. The name “Surah Al-Fatiha” refers to the initial chapter of the Qur’an. The prayer (Salah) comprises of seven verses that are said in each unit. Surah                  Al-Fatihah holds great significance in Islamic worship and is commonly regarded as the essence or summary of the Qur’an. Hadi &Munawar (2023) emphasize that although Surah Al-Fatiha is commonly known as the “Mother of the Qur’an,” the entire Qur’an holds the utmost significance as the main source of instruction in Islam. The Qur’an is partitioned into chapters known as (Surahs), with each chapter being subdivided into verses referred to as (Ayat). The phrase “Mother of the Qur’an” highlights the importance and fundamental role of Surah Al-Fatihah in Islamic worship and spiritual existence.

2.8. Surat Al-Fatihah” is a divine oath and a dialogue between the servant and Allah

“Surah Al-Fatihah” is seen as a holy covenant and a dialogue between the servant and Allah. Abdullah bin Abbas, may God be pleased with them both, reported that during a meeting with the Prophet, peace be upon him, Gabriel overheard a remarkable proclamation: a celestial door, which had never been opened before, was unveiled on that day. A celestial being descended and declared that the Prophet had been bestowed with two extraordinary illuminations, unparalleled in the annals of prophethood—the Inauguration of the Scripture and its Culmination, Surah Al-Baqarah. It was stressed that each letter of these surahs held great importance, and the Prophet was informed in advance about their extraordinary position. This disclosure emphasised the outstanding qualities and unique nature of these two surahs, proclaiming them as prayers that have been answered. The promise that “no letter from either of them will be recited without reward” highlights the deep significance inherent in the recitation of Surah Al-Fatihah and the concluding verses of Surah Al-Baqarah, emphasising their profound implications. (Liza, 2022).

2.9. No such thing as “Surat Al-Fatihah” was revealed in the heavenly books

Surat Al-Fatihah holds a pivotal and indispensable position in the Quran, and is repeated regularly by Muslims worldwide during their daily prayers. The Quran is regarded by Muslims as the exact and unaltered message of God, which was communicated to Prophet Muhammad by the angel Gabriel. The assertion that “Surat Al-Fatihah was not revealed in the heavenly books” seems to be incorrect when seen from an Islamic standpoint. The Quran is considered the ultimate divine revelation, and Surat Al-Fatihah holds great importance within it. (Othman and et al. 2023). Various religious traditions possess distinct beliefs and texts, and the comment you offered may represent a viewpoint from an alternative theological framework. It is crucial to engage in debates regarding religious views with reverence and a comprehension of the wide-ranging viewpoints held by different societies.

2.10. Prayer is not valid unless Surah Al-Fatihah is recited

Reciting Surah Al-Fatihah is considered essential in the Islamic prayer (Salah). It is an essential section of the Quran and is recited in every instance of prayer. The recitation of Surah Al-Fatihah is an integral part of Islamic devotion, being performed at the commencement of each prayer unit, and it has immense importance. In a hadith, the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) stated that “if someone prays without reciting the Opening of the Book (Al-Fatihah), their prayer will be considered incomplete”. (Sahih al-Bukhari). This emphasizes the significance of reciting Surah Al-Fatihah during the prayer. Al-Fatihah is deemed an essential component of the Salah, and the prayer is typically regarded as deficient if it is not repeated. (Rusd et al., 2021). It is crucial to note that the recital of Surah Al-Fatihah is obligatory for both the imam, who leads the prayer, and for individuals who are praying alone. Nevertheless, it is not obligatory for followers (muqtadis) participating in a congregational prayer to individually recite Al-Fatihah, as their act of attentively listening to the imam’s recitation is sufficient. It is very advisable for Muslims to acquire knowledge and comprehension of the interpretations of Surah Al-Fatihah and other sections of the Quran in order to strengthen their bond with prayer and the message of Islam. Ubbaidi and Budianto (2023).

2.11. Surat Al-Fatihah” is a Ruqyah that cures diseases

It is important to note that claims about Surat Al-Fatihah or any portion of the Quran being a cure for physical diseases should be approached with caution. (Lestari; 2018 & Ansari, Adji & Raidah 2022). In Islam, Ruqyah is a practice in Islam that entails the reciting of particular verses from the Quran or supplications as a means of spiritual healing. There is a belief held by certain individuals that some verses, such as Surat Al-Fatihah, has healing qualities when recited with genuine sincerity and unwavering faith. Nevertheless, it is imperative to comprehend that the efficacy of such methodologies is contingent upon individual convictions, and it lacks scientific substantiation. Islamic teachings prioritise the need of pursuing both spiritual and physical treatments for ailments. Muslims are advised to depend on prayer, petition, and seeking medical intervention for addressing health concerns. The Quran explicitly recognizes the presence of therapeutic attributes in many substances, and the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) endorsed the pursuit of medical aid when necessary. Surat Al-Fatihah holds great reverence in Islam due to its spiritual significance. However, it is important to approach the notion of ascribing specific physical healing abilities to it with a fair and objective viewpoint. It is highly recommended that persons consult medical professionals and undergo appropriate therapy for health issues, alongside their spiritual practices.

2.12. Characteristics of Surat Al-Fatihah

Aslihah & Wasehudin (2023) outlined some fundamental attributes of Surat Al-Fatihah:

• Al-Fatihah is an indispensable element of the Islamic prayer, known as Salah. The Salah incorporates the recitation of this particular text in every unit (rak’ah), thereby making it an essential component of a Muslim’s daily prayer.
• Surat Al-Fatihah commences with the invocation “Bismillah al-Rahman al-Rahim” which translates to “In the Name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful.” This phrase is a frequently used introduction in numerous chapters of the Quran, highlighting the significance of invoking the name of Allah before to undertaking any activity.
• Surat Al-Fatihah is a concise chapter in the Quran, comprising of seven verses, which is considerably shorter than other chapters. Although it is short, it carries deep meaning and importance.
• The chapter commences with praising Allah, the supreme ruler of all realms, and recognizing his qualities as the utmost benevolent and compassionate. Additionally, it seeks direction on the direct route and assistance in adhering to it.
• The primary focus of Al-Fatihah is to emphasize the unity of Allah and the principle of monotheism (Tawhid), underscoring that worship is only directed towards Allah. Muslims read this chapter to reinforce their belief in the obvious oneness of Allah.
• The chapter commences with acknowledging Allah’s mercy and concludes with a prayer for guidance on the righteous path, emphasizing the fundamental importance of mercy in the Islamic faith.
• Surat Al-Fatihah is commonly regarded as the “core” or “introduction” of the Quran. The themes of commendation, quest for guidance, and assertion of monotheism establish the prevailing atmosphere for the subsequent lessons of the Quran.
• Memorization and Recitation: Surat Al-Fatihah is often committed to memory by many Muslims throughout their initial Quranic study, and it is recited regularly during daily prayers. Its straightforwardness and significance render it easily understandable to Muslims of all age groups.

It is worth to mention that, Surat Al-Fatihah holds significant importance as a pivotal and fundamental chapter in the Quran. It plays a vital part in Islamic worship and serves as a succinct yet comprehensive articulation of key theological themes in Islam.

3. Methodology

To thoroughly examine and analyze Surat Al-Fatihah, an analytical descriptive approach is used to explore its different aspects, such as its names, purposes, virtues, and special characteristics. The study starts with an extensive literature review, which includes historically Islamic exegeses, academic commentaries, and historical sources. This review aims to gain a comprehensive understanding of the linguistic, theological, and contextual aspects of the chapter. The Quranic verses undergo meticulous analysis utilizing linguistic methodologies and historical context to discover the intended significances and subtleties. In addition, the process entails analyzing the multiple names given to Surat Al-Fatihah in various Islamic traditions, offering a comprehensive understanding of its importance. The chapter delves into the virtues linked to hadith collections, which emphasize the spiritual and ethical aspects emphasized by Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him). Particular emphasis is placed on the particular attributes that set Surat Al-Fatihah apart from other chapters, providing insight into its unique qualities. In general, this methodology utilizes a variety of disciplines, including language analysis, historical contextualization, and religious study, to obtain a thorough comprehension of Surat Al-Fatihah and its significant importance in Islamic tradition.

4. Results and Discussion

The study utilized an analytical descriptive technique to examine Surat Al-Fatihah, the first chapter of the Qur’an. The findings have uncovered the deep importance and diverse functions that this chapter holds in Islamic worship and everyday life. The study highlights the all-encompassing quality of Surat Al-Fatihah, which encompasses both praise and the request for guidance from Allah, with a particular emphasis on his qualities as the Merciful and Compassionate. Praise be to Allah, the Lord of all the worlds. (Pink, 2020; Al Qura’an Al Kareem).The title “The Opening” accurately emphasizes its function as a metaphysical portal, establishing a link between the reciter and Allah. The seven verses of Surat Al-Fatihah are acknowledged as a potent supplication, establishing the fundamental basis for the believer’s connection with Allah. “And take guidance from the wisdom and teachings of the Quran.” (Mykhaylo, 2022). The virtues and special characteristics of this chapter are highlighted in Islamic teachings, affirming its status as a source of divine guidance. Its recitation holds a central place in the Muslim prayer ritual, symbolizing the opening of the heart and soul to Allah’s guidance and mercy. Importantly, the study underscores the essential role of Surat Al-Fatihah in Islamic worship, as it is deemed a fundamental element necessary for the validity of the prayer. The chapter’s distinctive and captivating linguistic style adds to its significance, further enhancing its role in the spiritual experience of the believer.

Based on reliable hadiths, verifiable reports, and actual facts, it has been shown that reciting Surat Al-Fatihah during ruqyah provides rapid healing for both physical and psychological diseases. (Ansari, Adji, & Raidah, 2022). The opening of Al-Fatihah entails the act of praising and expressing thankfulness to Allah, who is acknowledged as the supreme ruler of all realms. This establishes the atmosphere for acknowledging and valuing the ultimate origin of direction and support. The numerous appellations of Surah Al-Fatihah exemplify the reverence bestowed upon its subject. These names emphasize the reverence and importance of Surah Al-Fatihah in the Islamic faith. The prayer is seen as a thorough and all-encompassing act of adoration, praise, and supplication to Allah. It is customary for Muslims to say it during each segment of their prayers, and it plays a crucial role in Islamic rites and spiritual practices.

The Surah highlights Allah’s attributes as Ar-Rahman (the Most Gracious) and Ar-Rahim (the Most Merciful), emphasizing his limitless kindness and compassion. The phrase “﴿ ٱلرَّحۡمَٰنِ ٱلرَّحِيمِ﴾” serves as a reminder of Allah’s mercy and the need of seeking his compassion. This is a request for guidance. (Hadi & Munawar, 2023).  Believers seek the direct route, which leads to moral uprightness and finally to Paradise. It signifies the recognition of human reliance on divine guidance for a moral and meaningful existence.  Al-Fatihah includes a mention to the Day of Judgement, serving as a reminder to believers of the final responsibility for their deeds. The purpose of this awareness is to cultivate a sense of accountability and mindfulness in one’s actions.          ﴿مَٰلِكِ يَوۡمِ ٱلدِّين﴾. Believers demonstrate their absolute reliance on Allah by consistently uttering the phrase “You alone we worship, and You alone we ask for help.” The verse “إِيَّاكَ نَعۡبُدُ وَإِيَّاكَ نَسۡتَعِينُ” reinforces the notion of Tawhid (the belief in the oneness of Allah) and the reliance on Him in every area of life.

The Surah contrasts the path of individuals who have obtained Allah’s approval with the path of individuals who have deviated from the right path. This affirms the notion that following to the guidance of Allah results in prosperity in both the present world and the afterlife. The Surah concludes with an entreaty for forgiveness, recognizing the inherent flaws and transgressions of humanity. The act of seeking forgiveness is a recurring motif in Islam, and Al-Fatihah underscores the significance of repentance and requesting Allah’s mercy. In essence, Surah Al-Fatihah encompasses the essential principles of faith, gratitude, guidance, and reliance on Allah. The prayer is performed everyday by Muslims worldwide during their Salah, emphasizing its essential role in Islamic worship and spirituality.

The noble purposes of Surah Al-Fatihah praising and glorifying Allah, acknowledging judgment day, seeking mercy and forgiveness and praying for help believers ask Allah for help and support in their daily lives. Muslims believe that reciting Surah Al-Fatihah with sincerity and devotion brings blessings and serves as a means of seeking guidance, forgiveness, and protection from evil. ﴿اﻫْﺪِﻧَﺎ اﻟﺼِّﺮَاط َ اﻟْﻤُﺴْﺘَﻘِﻴْﻢ َ ﺻِﺮَاط َ اﻟﱠﺬِﻳْﻦ َ أَﻧـْﻌَﻤْﺖ َ ﻋَﻠَﻴْﻬِﻢ ْ ﻏَﻴْﺮ ِ  اﻟْﻤَﻐْﻀُﻮْب ِ ﻋَﻠَﻴْﻬِﻢ ْ وَﻻ  ٱلضَّآلِّينَ ﴾It is not just a ritualistic practice but a spiritual connection with Allah. While the Qur’an, including Surah Al-Fatihah, is considered a source of protection from evil and a guide for righteous living, it’s important to approach these beliefs with faith and understanding. It is not a magical formula but a means of seeking Allah’s help and guidance. (Pink, 2020 & Al Qura’an Al Kareem).

5. Conclusion

This study offers a thorough comprehension of the significance of Surah Al-Fatihah in Islamic worship and everyday existence. Al-Fatihah is a significant chapter in the Quran that carries great significance in the spiritual, educational, and daily life of Muslims. Functioning as the opening chapter, it serves as an entrance to the Quran, establishing the overall tone for the entire scripture and summarizing fundamental ideas of Islam. The recital of Al-Fatihah during prayers serves multiple purposes beyond mere ritual. It serves as a guide, a supplication for mercy, and a reminder of the fundamental principles of monotheism and surrender to Allah. The virtues of this entity transcend the spiritual domain, since it is believed to possess healing properties and positively impact mental well-being. Moreover, Al-Fatihah holds great significance in Islamic education, highlighting the need of acquiring knowledge and implementing it in one’s daily existence. Al-Fatihah is widely acknowledged by scholars and observed by Muslims globally. It holds a significant role in Islamic rites, serving as a symbol of a continuous connection with Allah and an ongoing reminder of the fundamental principles that underpin the Islamic religion.

References

1- Al Qura’an Al Kareem.

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