The impact of access to resources in enhancing entrepreneurial advantage through strategic planning (An exploratory study of the opinions of a sample of bank employees)

Prepared by the researcher : Riyadh Hassoon Jabbar, Imam Al-Kadhum College (IKC)

Democratic Arab Center

Journal of Afro-Asian Studies : Sixteenth Issue – February 2023

A Periodical International Journal published by the “Democratic Arab Center” Germany – Berlin.

https://democraticac.de/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/Journal-of-Afro-Asian-Studies-Sixteenth-Issue-%E2%80%93-February-2023.pdf

Abstract

The study aims to measure and analyze the impact of access to resources in enhancing the entrepreneurial advantage has been chosen Rafidain Bank as it was for the application of the study has been selected a sample of workers amounted to 30 individuals has been using a set of statistical measures to analyze the impact between the variables of the study, including the decline of simple has been reached a set of conclusions, the most important: A set of recommendations have been formulated, the most important of which is the need to promote a culture of access to resources during the establishment of courses and seminars.

Introduction

 The pioneering advantage and the heart of the institution in the market in order to become successful in the long term, and in order for the advantage to become sustainable for the organization, several unique characteristics must be available in order to distinguish its business, the most important of which is achieving the highest returns, obtaining scarce resources, integration between the human touch and information technology, and the degree of continuity of product service for the long term, and one of the most prominent characteristics that may make any organization compete for the long term is that its products are valuable,  To be rare among its competitors, and to be strategically parallel in capacity and resources to any of its competitors Small and medium enterprises represent one of the economic sectors that attract great attention by all countries of the world, international and regional organizations and bodies, and researchers in light of global economic changes and transformations, due to its pivotal role in production, operation, income generation, innovation and technological progress, in addition to its role in achieving the economic and social goals of all countries. Small and medium enterprises today are the focus of industrial policies aimed at reducing unemployment rates in developing countries and industrially developed countries, regardless of their economic philosophies and the way they manage their national economy.

These projects did not find the appropriate social and economic environment for them, and the weakness of directing energies and creativity to be entrepreneurial to become the nucleus of large and advanced projects. The study consists of four sections. The first section included a methodology, in what the second section was devoted to presenting the theoretical framework of the study variables, and the third section included the practical framework of the study, and the fourth section dealt with the most important conclusions and recommendations.

Methodology 

  problem 

At the beginning of any project and paves the way for others with this launch, while the initiative to innovative and new ideas and based on development and risk, and the projects are a strong support for the development of performance and economic growth in Iraq with increasing competition, but these projects did not find the appropriate social and economic environment for them, and the weakness of directing energies and creativity to be entrepreneurial to become the nucleus of large and sophisticated projects,  The weakness of the entrepreneurial advantage leads to the inability of banks to achieve growth and stability because this leads to the loss of their position in the market (banking industry).

The problem of the study is to answer the following questions:

1. What is the concept of access to resources?
2. What is the concept of entrepreneurial advantage?
3. Does access to resources affect entrepreneurial advantage?

  Importance 

1. Enriching libraries in information about the variables of the study.
2. The study curriculum leads to enhancing the entrepreneurial advantage.
3. Future studies can be developed in the current study and applied in different sectors.

Goals 

The objectives of the study are as follows:

1. Identify access to resources
2. – Introducing the concept of entrepreneurial advantage.
3. Measuring and analyzing the impact of access to resources on entrepreneurial advantage. Access to resources

Hypothesis 

The hypothesis of the study is as follows:

(There is a positive significant impact of access to resources in the entrepreneurial advantage).

Data collection methods 

The study relies on a set of methods in collecting theoretical and practical data as follows:

1- Methods of collecting theoretical data: The researcher relied on a set of studies, and through the World Wide Web.

2- Practical data collection methods: The questionnaire form was relied on as the main tool for data collection, and some statistical measures such as simple regression were adopted, and the SPSS program was used to analyze the data.

Study population and sample

  The study was applied in Rafidain Bank (Bank branch Jaber Al-Ansari No. 402) because of the great role played by the bank in providing various banking services, as well as the proximity of its location to the researcher, the size of the community reached (33) individuals, while the sample size reached (30), as it distributed (30) forms, and the sample size was extracted through the equation (Richard Geiger).

 The concept of access to resources

Entrepreneurship is one of the means that help organizations in enhancing the competitive position, the basic idea in the field of entrepreneurship is to invest opportunities and search for value It is natural to point out that leadership as a phenomenon found with the existence of human civilizations has been defined as the totality of characteristics and behaviors associated with creative and innovative capabilities (Al-Qasim, 2013, 17), and entrepreneurship emerged more than two hundred years ago (2020, peter, 26).

The concept of entrepreneurship has come to refer to the works created by people who possess entrepreneurial qualities and feelings that lead to the creation of works and projects that contribute to achieving development and providing distinguished services. (Al-Saleh, 2011, 287). Some works need a special type of founders and managers called pioneers and the pioneer has different characteristics from the rest of the managers or employees if the entrepreneur is defined as that person who has the ability to transform a new experience or invention into a successful innovation (Al-Obaidi Al-Jarrah, 2014, 165).

The entrepreneurial advantage refers to the characteristic that distinguishes the institution from other entrepreneurial institutions and achieves for this institution a strong attitude towards the different parties and any institution can achieve the entrepreneurial advantage in many ways, but the most important way at all is that the institution has low costs and that the pioneering advantage has two main dimensions, the internal dimension and the external dimension, so internally the entrepreneurial advantage of any institution is built on a number of distinctive capabilities and those in charge of this institution must know well these capabilities, potentials and resources And invest in it in a way that achieves advantage

The importance of access to resources

 It undertakes environmentally friendly entrepreneurial resources initiatives that lead to greater efficiency, lower costs and better employee participation, which in turn helps organizations reduce work in traditional ways and works to enhance employee participation in remote training programs, virtual interviews, recycling, remote work, recruitment and training in accordance with the foundations of justice and integrity and in a way that achieves efficiency and effectiveness for organizations and reduces waste in the organization’s resources (Al-Ghalbi, 2015,  78) Resource management plays an important role in the industry to promote environment-related issues.Organizations must formulate resource policies and practices, train individuals to raise awareness of the environment, and implement laws related to environmental protection. Entrepreneurial resource management may also help employers and manufacturers build a shiny and glamorous image of their organizations in terms of marketing advertising for products or services.

Hence, we come to four main aspects of the definition of leadership:

1. The process of creating something new of value.
2. Allocate time, effort and money.
3. Accept different risks.
4. Receiving the resulting rewards such as: reliability, independence, and money.

Factors affecting the entrepreneurial advantage

 The idea of entrepreneurship, entrepreneurial spirit and the search for pioneers occupied the attention of specialists in the fields of economics, finance, engineering, organization sciences and management, and the reason for this exceptional interest is due to the distinctive role of the results of entrepreneurial work on the course of progress of organizations and the strength of their attractiveness (Al-Ghalbi and Al-Khafaji, 2010, 98).

 However, the nature of the radical transformations witnessed by the business space and its environment after the fifties of the twentieth century, and the subsequent decades until the early third millennium, gave the inevitability of a thinking approach to trends and intellectual shifts in entrepreneurship concept, models, characteristics, impact and influence in the creativity of business organizations (Al-Khafaji, 2005, 345). Then the term pioneer was used in English literature (1993, Baumol, 89).

Wickham (2001) summarized the basic ideas of entrepreneurship within a holistic, integrated and diverse perspective, emphasizing three important factors for understanding entrepreneurship:

1. The entrepreneur as an agent and economic initiator, and here the entrepreneur plays a role in making a positive economic impact on the life and development of the organization.
2. The entrepreneur as an individual who has distinctive personal characteristics.
3. The entrepreneur as a manager is aware and understands the special tasks of the organization.

Practical framework

First: Description and statistical diagnosis

A- Description and statistical diagnosis of the resource access variable

Descriptive analysis of the resource access variable is performed to determine whether the (variable) is present in the study sample.

Table (1) Description and Statistical Diagnosis of the Resource Access Variable

Source: Prepared by the researcher based on the outputs of the electronic calculator

It is clear from Table (1) that the general rate of the variable of access to resources is higher than the mean

Hypothesis (3) within the gradient of the Likert five-point scale, and this indicates the spread of the variable of access to resources in the study sample, and the values of the standard deviation were close and this indicates the homogeneity of the opinions of the study sample.

 B- Description and statistical diagnosis of the entrepreneurial advantage variable

Descriptive analysis of the pilot advantage variable is performed to determine whether (the variable) is present in the study sample.

Table (2) Description and Statistical Diagnosis of the Entrepreneurial Advantage Variable

Source: Prepared by the researcher based on the outputs of the electronic calculator

It is clear through Table (2) that the general average of the entrepreneurial advantage variable was less than the hypothetical mean (3) within the five-point Likert scale gradient, and this indicates that this variable was not spread in the study sample, and the standard deviation values were close and this indicates the homogeneity of the opinions of the study sample.

Second: – Test the hypothesis of the study

The main hypothesis of the study indicates that there is a significant and positive effect of access to resources in the entrepreneurial advantage. The table below shows the effect between the study variables.

Table (3) Results of the Impact of Access to Resources on the Entrepreneurial Advantage

Source: Prepared by the researcher based on the outputs of the electronic calculator

The results of Table (3) indicate that the adjusted coefficient of determination (R2) has reached (54%), which is an acceptable percentage indicating that (54%) of the total differences in the entrepreneurial advantage are explained by access to resources and the remaining percentage (46%) represents the percentage of interpretation of variables not included in the study model or

 Random variables that cannot be controlled, in addition, the calculated value of (F) reached (213.67), which is significant at the level of (0.05). And that the value of the regression coefficient (Beta) between them was (0.51). Based on these results, the hypothesis of the study is accepted.

  Conclusions

Conclusions: The researcher reached the following conclusions:

1. Achieve a significant impact of access to resources in the entrepreneurial advantage
2. Access to resources enhances the leadership advantage through the exploitation of resources and then the optimal exploitation of investment opportunities.
3. The proposed integration framework provides information that helps improve quality, reduce costs, and help support the competitiveness of business enterprises.
4. The results proved that there is a desire to adopt access to resources by the study sample.

 Recommendations

1. The need to promote a culture of access to resources through the establishment of courses and seminars.
2. A researcher finds the need to identify the sources of resources through the adoption of independence and exploration strategies, and this is done through partnerships with external parties and expertise
3.  The need for working individuals to go towards sharing knowledge that this leads to the optimal investment of resources.
4. The need to enhance access to resources by providing the appropriate atmosphere, for example, the core of the efficient communication system, empowering employees, as well as participating in the direction of decisions.

References

1. Al-Khafaji, Nima Abbas, Strategic Leadership: Misleading, Assets and Value, research published within the proceedings of the Fourth International Scientific Conference, under the title (Entrepreneurship and Creativity: Business Strategies in Facing the Challenges of Globalization), Philadelphia University, Faculty of Administrative and Financial Sciences, Amman, Jordan, 2005.
2. Al-Douri, Zakaria Saleh, Strategic Thought and its Implications for the Success of Business Organizations: Readings and Research, Dar Al-Yazuri for Publishing and Distribution, Amman, Jordan, 2009.
3. – Bilal Khalaf Al-Sakarneh, Entrepreneurship and Management of Medium and Small Business Organizations, Dar Al-Masirah Publishing, Amman, 2008.
4. Taher Mohsen Al-Ghalbi, Management and Strategy of Medium and Small Business Organizations, Dar Wael for Publishing and Distribution, Amman, Jordan, 2009.
5. Al-Ani, Mezher Shaaban, and others, Small Project Management: A Technological Entrepreneurial Perspective, Dar Safa for Publishing and Distribution, Amman, Jordan, 2010.
6. Al-Ali, Abdul Sattar, a working paper presented to the Entrepreneurship Conference in Jordan, January 15, Higher Council for Science and Technology, 2nd Edition, Amman, Jordan, 2002.
7. Al-Ghalbi, Taher Mohsen, and Al-Khafaji, Nima Abbas, Organization Theory: Introduction to Operations, Dar Al-Yazuri for Publishing and Distribution, Amman, Jordan, 2010.
8. Tired, Hamed Kazem, and Radi, Jawad Mohsen, Leadership and its impact on outstanding university performance, an experimental study of the opinions of a sample of university leaders, University of Qadisiya, research published in the first volume of the proceedings of the first scientific conference of the College of Administration and Economics, University of Qadisiya, 2009.
9. Al-Najjar, Fayez Al-Ali, Abdul Sattar, Entrepreneurship and Business Administration, 2nd Edition, Amman, 2010.